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<title>DATABASE: Names & Numbers in the Database</title>
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<h3>Database:  Names and numbers</h3>

<p><b>Names of chemical species:</b><br>
Names must end with either a comma, a semicolon, or an end-of-line,
and therefore blank space <i>is</i> allowed inside a name, but a comma or semicolon
<i>can&nbsp;not</i> be included in a name or text. For example:</p>

<p class="indent">
<nobr><tt>Fe(OH)2(s,a);</tt></nobr> &nbsp; is <b>not</b> correct.
</p>

<p class="cont">
Although it is <i>not&nbsp;possible</i> to include a comma
in a name or text, it is however possible to include a semicolon
by enclosing the whole name in quotes:</p>

<p class="indent">
<nobr><tt>"Fe(OH)2(c;a)"</tt></nobr>
</p>
<p class="cont">
This means that if a quote (either &quot; or ') is found at the
start of a name, DATABASE will look for the ending quote
(assuming there is no comma between these two quotes), it will read the text
between them and it will remove the enclosing quotes:</p>
<p class="indent">
<nobr><tt>&quot;Cr&quot;(OH)3</tt></nobr>
</p>
<p class="cont">will be read as two names (<nobr><tt>Cr</tt></nobr> and
<nobr><tt>(OH)3</tt>), but</nobr> 
</p>
<p class="indent">
<nobr><tt>Cr(&quot;OH&quot;)3</tt></nobr>
</p>
<p class="cont">does not start with a quote, and will be read as a single name.</nobr> 
</p>


<p><u>Quotes:</u> To include quotes at the start of a name in a database,
use two quotes and enclose the whole name in quotes, or enclose the whole
name in single quotes, etc:

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tr>
  <td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
  <td><nobr><tt>&quot;&quot;&quot;Cr(OH)4&quot;&quot;-&quot;;</tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;or:&nbsp;&nbsp;<tt>'&quot;Cr(OH)4&quot;-';</tt></nobr></td>
  </tr>
<tr>
  <td></td>
  <td valign="top">another possibility: <nobr><tt>&quot;'Cr(OH)4'-&quot;;</tt></nobr></td>
  </tr>
</table></p>

<p class="cont">
DATABASE will remove the enclosing quotes when reading the database.
Note that SPANA does <i>not</i> remove quotes from input files when making diagrams.
</p>

<p><a href="SP_Plot-File_Format.htm#Superscripts">Single quotes in
names have special meaning</a> when making diagrams,
and you can use them in names:</p>
<p class="indent">
<nobr><tt>Solid'New`(c)</tt></nobr> &nbsp; will be plotted as: <nobr><tt>Solid<sup>New</sup>(c)</tt></nobr>
</p>
<p class="cont">
(in this case the name does not start with a quote, and there is no need to enclose
the whole text with extra quotes for DATABASE).</p>

<p><u>Slash (/)</u>: names can not start with a slash and they can not contain
&#147; /&#148; (a space followed by a slash),
because it will be taken as the beginning of a comment:</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tr>
  <td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
  <td><nobr><tt>1/2&nbsp;Fe2O3;</tt></nobr></td>
  <td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
  <td>is correct, but</td></tr>
<tr>
  <td></td>
  <td valign="top"><nobr><tt>Fe2O3 /2;</tt></nobr></td>
  <td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
  <td valign="top">will read as <nobr>&#147;<tt>Fe2O3</tt>&#148;</nobr></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p><b>Electric charges</b> of aqueous species are read from the last characters of a name,
in two possible ways:</p>
<ul><li>blank space between name and charge: <tt><nobr>Fe 3+,</nobr> <nobr>CO3 2-,</nobr>
  <nobr>Na +,</nobr> <nobr>Al(OH)3 -</nobr></tt>
  </li>
<li>+/&#8722; followed by a number: <nobr><tt>Fe+3</tt>,</nobr> <nobr><tt>CO3-2</tt>,</nobr>
	<nobr><tt>Na+</tt>,</nobr> <nobr><tt>Al(OH)3-</tt></nobr></li>
</ul>


<p><b>Phase state:</b> it is indicated at the end of the name
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"><b>solid</b></td><td><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td valign="top">
	ending in (c) for crystalline, (s) for solid, (am) for amorphous solid.
	For example: <nobr><tt>Fe2O3(c)</tt>,</nobr> <nobr><tt>Fe(OH)3(am)</tt></nobr>
</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td align="right" valign="top"><b>gas</b></td><td></td><td valign="top">
	ending in (g) like <nobr><tt>CO2(g)</tt></nobr>
</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td align="right" valign="top"><b>liquid</b></td><td></td><td valign="top">
		ending in (l) like <nobr><tt>Hg(l)</tt></nobr>
</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td align="right" valign="top"><b>aqueous</b></td><td></td><td valign="top">
		any name not ending in <nobr>(c),</nobr> <nobr>(s),</nobr> <nobr>(am),</nobr>
		<nobr>(g)</nobr> or <nobr>(l).</nobr> For example:
		<nobr><tt>Na+</tt>.</nobr> Example of uncharged aqueous species: <nobr><tt>Fe(OH)3</tt></nobr>
</td></tr></table></p>

<p><b>Name begins with:</b></p>
<ul>
<li>an asterisk <nobr>(<tt>*</tt>):</nobr> the species will be included in
	data-files made by DATABASE, but it will not be included in the diagram
  calculations in SPANA.</li>
<li>@: the species will not be included in data-files produced by
  <a href="DB_0_Main.htm">DATABASE</a>.	See
  <a href="DB_Remove_change_data.htm">Removing or Changing <nobr>data</a>.</nobr></li>
</ul>

<p><b>Numbers:</b><br>
Real values can be entered with or without decimal point
(i.e., <nobr>10.0,</nobr> or <nobr>10)</nobr> and with or without exponent
(i.e., <nobr>1.0E&#8722;3,</nobr> <nobr>1e&#8722;3,</nobr> or <nobr>0.001).</nobr>
Integer values (for example the number of chemical components) can not contain
decimal point or exponent.</p>

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